Power Waveforms Analysis for Sea Wind Speed Estimation from GPS Reflected Signals

In this paper, it is focused the power waveforms of GPS signals to understand the nature of sea surface and then from these waveforms sea wind speed is estimated. The waveforms are analyzed and tested for different sea wind speed conditions. The concept of GNSS remote sensing is used to achieve information from ocean surface. Because, this concept has been utilizing since last two decades for retrieving information from Earth’s surface. The waveforms are produced by scattering model using the direct and reflected signals of GPS satellite data. Actually, two models are utilized to generate these waveforms. Firstly, it is used the wave spectrum model to retrieve the ocean surface slopes i.e. up & cross variance. Secondly, Z-V scattering model is used to simulate the power waveforms in where up and cross variance are used as input of this model. From the analysis, it is found that the amplitudes of these power waveforms are changing according to sea wind speeds. It means that there is a relationship between the amplitude of the waveforms and sea wind speeds. The real wind speed of the data campaign site is collected to fit with the amplitudes of waveforms. The linear regression method is used to discover a relation between waveforms and wind speeds. This relation is used to estimate the sea wind speed. From the results, it is obtained that estimated sea wind is matched with collected true wind and the outputs of the model waveforms perform nicely with real data waveforms.