Swelling Behavior of Bovine Amniotic Membrane-Carbonate Hydroxyapatite Biocomposites: Literature Review

Background: Tooth extraction can lead to progressive alveolar bone resorption due to the loss of periodontal ligament support. This reduction in alveolar ridge height and width can interfere with prosthetic rehabilitation and dental implant placement. Socket preservation is therefore needed to maintain bone volume and support proper healing. Biomaterials such as bovine amniotic membrane (BAM) and carbonate hydroxyapatite (CHA) have gained attention due to their biocompatibility and regenerative potential.

Objective: This study aimed to review the biological basis and effectiveness of BAM and CHA, individually and in combination, in supporting alveolar bone regeneration, and to highlight the importance of evaluating swelling capacity in the BAM–CHA biocomposite.

Discussion: BAM provides a collagen-rich biological matrix containing growth factors that promote angiogenesis and tissue repair, while CHA supports structural reinforcement and osteoconduction. When combined, BAM–CHA forms a biocomposite that mimics the natural organic–inorganic composition of bone. The freeze-drying method ensures scaffold porosity and preserves biological activity. Swelling capacity influences cell attachment, nutrient diffusion, and healing efficiency, making it a key parameter for evaluating scaffold performance.
Conclusion: BAM and CHA act synergistically in enhancing alveolar bone regeneration. Their combination as a biocomposite shows strong potential for socket preservation. Assessing swelling capacity is essential to determine the optimal ratio for achieving scaffold stability and effective tissue regeneration.