Literature Review on the Antibacterial Potential of African Leaf Extract (Vernonia Amygdalina Del) Against Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Bacteria

Infections are typically caused by pathogenic microorganisms such as viruses, bacteria, and fungi. An antibacterial agent is a substance that inhibits disease-causing bacteria. Antibacterials are usually present in an organism as secondary metabolites. The Asteraceae family contains numerous genera and species that are scattered globally. This plant family has served a variety of functions, including as an antibacterial. African leaves (Vernonia amygdalina Del) contain many secondary metabolites that are useful as antibacterials, flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, anthraquinones, and phenols are some examples. This literature search aims to collect and analyze research data regarding the antibacterial potency and active compound content of ethanol extracts of African leaves. African leaf extract was tested against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, including Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans, and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Inhibition of Gram-negative bacteria, especially Pseudomonas aeruginosa, was found to be more prevalent in the ethanol extract of African leaves, according to the research.