Multidimensional Poverty Reduction Under the National Target Programme on Sustainable Poverty Reduction in Viet Nam: Evidence from the 2021-2025 Cycle and Implications for 2026-2030

The National Target Programme on Sustainable Poverty Reduction for 2021-2025 closed at a moment of fundamental institutional change: Viet Nam’s national target programmes were consolidated from 2026, and the multidimensional poverty standard will be raised from 2027. This study evaluates the full implementation cycle of the programme, measures the degree of disparity across regions, and identifies the bottlenecks facing the new period. A desk-research design is used, combining synthesis, analysis, evaluation and comparison of secondary data drawn from annual official reviews of poor and near-poor households, the Viet Nam Household Living Standards Survey, and the body of legal instruments governing poverty reduction. The results show that the national multidimensional poverty rate fell from 7.52 per cent in 2022 to 2.95 per cent in 2025, exceeding the targets assigned by the National Assembly and the Government, although the annual reduction margin narrowed progressively; the near-poor rate surpassed the poor rate from 2024; and the gap between the highest and lowest regions reached more than forty-five fold. The study proposes five groups of recommendations, centred on preserving measurement continuity and reallocating capital at commune level.