Analysis of Distribution and Added Value of Shallots (Allium Ascalonicum L) Using the Commodity System Assesment Method (CSAM) From Songan B Village to Denpasar

Shallots (Allium ascalonicum L.) are high-value horticultural commodities that are susceptible to postharvest losses and quality changes during distribution. Songan B Village, Kintamani District, Bangli Regency, is one of the shallot-producing areas supplying markets in Denpasar, Bali. This study aimed to analyze shallot distribution channels, postharvest handling practices, postharvest losses, quality changes, and added value along the distribution chain using the Commodity System Assessment Method (CSAM). Data were collected through interviews, observations, questionnaires, and literature studies using snowball sampling to identify distribution actors. The results identified three distribution channels: farmers–retailers, farmers–collectors–retailers, and farmers–collectors–suppliers. Postharvest handling activities included sorting and grading, cleaning, weighing, storage, waiting, packaging, transportation, and display. Postharvest losses were 1.98% at the farmer level, 3.50% at the collector level, 1.27% at the retailer level, and 1.17% at the supplier level, all of which were categorized as insignificant (<5%). Farmers obtained the highest nominal profit of IDR 26,267/kg, while among trading actors, suppliers generated the highest profit of IDR 4,850/kg, with a marketing margin of IDR 5,000/kg and a profit-to-cost ratio of 32.33. Quality analysis showed final moisture contents of 44.77% at the farmer level, 45.80% at the collector level, 45.40% at the supplier level, and 43.30% at the retailer level, while texture values ranged from 9.60 to 13.88. The findings indicate that the shallot distribution system from Songan B Village to Denpasar has relatively low postharvest losses; however, improved postharvest handling, particularly at the collector level, is required to maintain product quality and improve distribution efficiency.