Comparative Assessment of Hemostatic Profiles and Their Association with Anthropometric Indices among Adults with Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Garki Abuja, Nigeria

Diabetes mellitus is associated with hemostatic abnormalities that increase thrombotic risk. This study compared hemostatic parameters (prothrombin time [PT], activated partial thromboplastin time [APTT], platelet count) and their correlations with anthropometric measures in Type 1 (T1D) and Type 2 (T2D) diabetic patients. A cross-sectional study of 230 participants (54 T1D, 176 T2D) at Garki Abuja assessed sociodemographics, anthropometrics, medical history, and hemostatic parameters. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Pearson correlations (p < 0.05 significant). T2D participants exhibited significantly prolonged PT (20.35 ± 3.38 s vs. 14.43 ± 1.48 s) and APTT (43.00 ± 3.13 s vs. 33.98 ± 6.74 s) but higher platelet counts (210.47 ± 67.67 vs. 186.94 ± 15.01) compared to T1D. Most T1D patients (53.7%) had >15 years diabetes duration versus 2.8% in T2D. Weak correlations existed between hemostatic and anthropometric parameters (e.g., PT vs. BMI: r = -0.884 in T1D; r = -0.025 in T2D), with no significant associations between disease duration and hemostatic changes in either group (all p > 0.05). T2D patients demonstrated greater coagulation abnormalities than T1D, independent of disease duration or anthropometric measures, suggesting distinct pathophysiological mechanisms. These findings underscore the need for tailored thromboprophylaxis strategies in diabetes management.