Haematological Changes in the Different Hemoglobin Genotypes in Enugu Metropolis

The study assessed haematological changes among individuals with different haemoglobin genotypes in Enugu Metropolis. A total of 90 participants, comprising 43 males and 47 females, were enrolled and grouped into HbAA, HbAS, and HbSS, with 30 participants in each group. Blood samples (4.0 mL) were collected from each participant; 2.0 mL was dispensed into an EDTA container for haematological analysis, while the remaining 2.0 mL was used for haemoglobin electrophoresis using standard procedures. The results showed variations in haematological parameters among the genotype groups. Individuals with HbAA had mean haemoglobin, RBC count, and haematocrit values of 13.21 ± 1.16 g/dL, 4.53 ± 0.36 × 10¹²/L, and 39.30 ± 4.05%, respectively. Corresponding values for HbAS individuals were 12.24 ± 1.18 g/dL, 4.03 ± 0.42 × 10¹²/L, and 36.78 ± 4.12%, while HbSS individuals had markedly lower values of 8.66 ± 1.25 g/dL, 2.56 ± 0.40 × 10¹²/L, and 26.01 ± 4.88%, respectively. The HbSS group also demonstrated higher mean WBC (11.72 ± 4.23 × 10?/L), platelet (416.70 ± 116.44 × 10?/L), and reticulocyte counts (7.84 ± 2.94%) than the other groups. The study revealed more pronounced anaemia among HbSS individuals, with a prevalence of 100%, followed by HbAS (60%) and HbAA (30%).