Factors Influencing ESG Implementation among Manufacturing Enterprises in Hanoi

This study aims to identify the factors influencing ESG implementation among manufacturing firms in Hanoi, Vietnam. Based on the Technology–Organization–Environment (TOE) framework, Institutional Theory, and Stakeholder Theory, the study proposes a research model comprising five determinants: digital capability, top management commitment, financial resources, regulatory pressure, and customer pressure. Data were collected from 248 manufacturing firms and analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics 26. The results indicate that all five factors have significant positive effects on ESG implementation. Among them, top management commitment exerts the strongest influence, followed by regulatory pressure, digital capability, customer pressure, and financial resources. The findings contribute to the growing body of empirical evidence on the determinants of ESG implementation in emerging economies and provide practical implications for manufacturing firms and policymakers in promoting sustainable development.