Educational System in Zambia: A Case Study of Selected Schools in Kamfinsa Constituency, Kitwe District

This study investigated the Zambian education system using three public schools in Kamfinsa Constituency, Kitwe District Esther Lungu Secondary School, Kamfinsa Secondary School, and Kafue Bridge Primary School. It examined educational access, the effectiveness of the Free Education Policy, school management systems, language of instruction, quality of education, and challenges affecting teaching and learning. A descriptive survey design with mixed methods was employed. Data were collected from 99 participants (38 staff and 61 learners) using questionnaires, interviews, observations, note-taking, voice recorders, and cameras. Quantitative data were analyzed using frequencies and percentages, while qualitative data underwent thematic analysis. Findings showed that the Free Education Policy increased school enrolment and improved access. Digital school management systems enhanced administrative efficiency, while local language instruction improved learner participation and literacy. Schools generally had electricity and computer lessons, supporting educational quality. However, overcrowded classrooms, high teacher-pupil ratios, inadequate instructional materials, transport costs, and learner dropouts remained major challenges. Although literacy levels and pass rates were satisfactory, increased access did not consistently improve learning outcomes. The study recommends greater investment in infrastructure, teacher recruitment, instructional resources, and literacy programmes to sustain quality education.