Comparison of Patient Safety Culture Implementation at the Regional Public Hospital in Aceh Province

Background: Patient safety is a key indicator of healthcare quality and is a global concern. The implementation of patient safety culture in hospitals still faces various challenges, including communication, incident reporting, and managerial support. This paper aims to analyze the comparative implementation of patient safety culture in the Maternal and Child Hospital (RSIA) and Meuraxa Regional General Hospital (RSUD Meuraxa) in Banda Aceh.

Method: This paper uses a quantitative design with a descriptive analytical approach and cross-sectional method. The population of the study was all nurses at RSIA and RSUD Meuraxa with a sample size of 149 respondents each. The sampling technique used total sampling at RSIA and proportional random sampling at RSUD Meuraxa. The instrument used was the Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture (HSOPSC) version 2.0. Data analysis was performed univariately and bivariately using statistical tests according to data distribution. The results of the paper indicate that there is a difference in the average implementation of patient safety culture between the two hospitals, where RSIA has a higher average value than RSUD Meuraxa. However, this difference needs to be further analyzed statistically to determine its significance. In general, the teamwork and management support dimensions showed better results than the incident reporting and communication openness dimensions.

Results: The study involved 298 nurses, consisting of 149 nurses at the Aceh Province Women's Hospital (RSIA) and 149 nurses at the Meuraxa Regional General Hospital (RSUD Meuraxa). RSIA showed the highest score in the dimension of open communication (89.86), while RSUD Meuraxa scored the highest in the dimension of feedback and communication regarding errors (80.49). Both hospitals had the lowest scores in the dimensions of organizational learning and continuous improvement. The Mann–Whitney test results showed a significant difference in patient safety culture between the two hospitals (Z = −3.498; p < 0.001), with the mean rank of RSIA being higher than that of RSUD Meuraxa (166.96 vs. 132.04).

Conclusion: There are significant differences in patient safety culture between the Aceh Provincial Women's Hospital (RSIA) and Meuraxa Regional General Hospital (RSUD Meuraxa). The patient safety culture at RSIA is better than at RSUD Meuraxa, necessitating strengthening organizational learning and continuous improvement to optimize patient safety culture in both hospitals.