Perceived Efficacy of Counselling Interventions Among Divorced Adults in Ndola District, Zambia

Family breakdown through divorce is a major psychosocial concern with emotional, social, and economic consequences. This study examined the efficacy of counselling interventions among divorced adults in Ndola District, Zambia. Specifically, it assessed the perceived effectiveness of counselling, explored clients’ experiences, examined psychosocial challenges following divorce, and identified gaps in counselling support services. A mixed-methods design with a dominant qualitative approach was employed. Data were collected from purposively selected divorced adults who had accessed counselling services using semi-structured interviews and a demographic questionnaire. Snowball sampling was used to identify additional participants. Qualitative data were analysed using thematic analysis, while quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics. Findings showed that counselling interventions were generally perceived as effective in promoting emotional healing, improving self-esteem, and strengthening coping abilities. Participants reported receiving emotional support and improved adjustment following divorce. However, help-seeking was largely reactive, with most individuals seeking counselling only after severe emotional distress. Divorce was associated with emotional distress, loneliness, depression, stigma, substance use, and reduced self-esteem. Both adaptive and maladaptive coping strategies were identified, with family, friends, and religious institutions serving as important support systems. Barriers to counselling utilisation included cost, distance, concerns about privacy and confidentiality, cultural beliefs, and perceptions of counsellor competence. The study concludes that counselling interventions play an important role in supporting divorced adults. However, gaps remain in accessibility, awareness, confidentiality, and long-term psychosocial support. The study recommends strengthening referral systems, increasing awareness of counselling services, and enhancing professional development among counsellors.