Ontology of Legal Science in the Prophetic Paradigm

Indonesia is a diverse nation in terms of religion and belief, ethnic groups, languages, races, and cultures. In terms of belief, Islam is the most dominant religion in Indonesia, with a Muslim population of 237.53 million as of December 31, 2021. This number accounts for 86.9% of the national population, which reaches 273.32 million people. The country has a very high level of diversity, especially in terms of religion and belief systems, framed within the philosophy of Indonesian life known as Pancasila. Therefore, it is necessary to study and explore national values derived from Pancasila and those present in society, including religious values, cultural values, and customs. This needs to be done because the colonial legacy laws, which are considered outdated, have become obsolete and often cause injustice, resulting in an inability to accommodate current legal needs. The research approach used is normative jurisprudence, which aims to uncover scientific logic from a normative perspective. The data sources used in this research consist of primary data, secondary data, and tertiary data. The primary data used in this normative legal research is obtained thru library studies, utilizing legislation and court decisions as the main sources. Secondary data comes from various sources, such as books, magazines, newspapers, articles, journals, internet media, and other references that support the research. Meanwhile, tertiary data consists of supporting legal materials that provide guidance and explanations for primary and secondary legal materials. Tertiary legal materials include information sources such as legal dictionaries, the Great Dictionary of the Indonesian Language, and encyclopedias. The data obtained is then analyzed qualitatively to provide an understanding of the law as an instrument to guide human life in accordance with moral and ethical values derived from revelation, reason, and social reality. Law is a mandate based on the values of divinity and humanity to realize substantive justice. The essence of law is not limited to positive norms formed by the state, but also includes moral, ethical, and welfare values aimed at humanizing humans (humanization), liberating from all forms of oppression (liberation), and directing life toward divine values (transcendence).