Effect of Cutting Parameters on Cutting Temperature in C45 Steel Turning under Canola Oil-Based MQL

Cutting temperature is one of the most critical factors affecting machining performance, tool life, and surface quality in turning operations. This study investigates the influence of cutting parameters on cutting temperature during the turning of C45 steel under canola oil-based minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) conditions. A Taguchi L9 orthogonal array was employed to evaluate the effects of cutting speed, feed rate, and depth of cut. Analysis of signal-to-noise (S/N) ratios and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to determine the significance of each machining parameter and identify the optimal cutting conditions. The results revealed that cutting speed was the most influential factor, contributing approximately 76% to the variation in cutting temperature, followed by feed rate and depth of cut. The optimal parameter combination for minimizing cutting temperature was found to be a cutting speed of 120 m/min, a feed rate of 0.05 mm/rev, and a depth of cut of 0.5 mm. The findings demonstrate that canola oil-based MQL is an effective and sustainable cooling-lubrication strategy for reducing cutting temperature in the turning of C45 steel.