An Integrated Quality Function Deployment and Value Engineering Approach for Optimisation of Banknote Production

This research explores the operational relationship in banknote manufacturing between implementing sophisticated anti-counterfeiting measures and achieving cost-efficiency. To address this, the study proposes a structural optimisation framework designed to move beyond arbitrary cost-reduction strategies. By integrating Quality Function Deployment (QFD) and Value Engineering (VE), the study evaluates empirical data provided by specialists in currency printing and minting. The integrity of this data was confirmed through the Anderson-Darling test for normality, while Cronbach's alpha and a Pearson product-moment correlation matrix were employed to identify specific operational frictions. Key findings from the statistical analysis include: Validation of normal data distribution and high discriminant validity across parameters and Identification of significant structural trade-offs, specifically a sharp negative correlation between the complexity of security features and the number of manufacturing operations. Ultimately, this research connects initial manufacturing choices with long-term circulation logistics. It offers central banks and security printers a data-driven methodology to reduce process waste without compromising the currency's integrity or public confidence.