Household Food Insecurity and Health of Gig Economy Workers in Chennai and Trichy

This study examines the extent of household food insecurity and health-related quality of life (HRQL) among gig economy workers in Chennai and Tiruchirappalli. With the rapid expansion of platform-based employment in India, gig workers face income instability and limited access to social protection, raising concerns about their nutritional and health outcomes. Using a cross-sectional design, primary data were collected from 69 gig workers through a structured questionnaire. Food insecurity was measured using the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS), while HRQL was assessed through the EQ-5D-5L instrument.

The findings reveal severe levels of food insecurity, with 68.12% of respondents classified as severely food insecure and only 5.80% as food secure. A large proportion reported anxiety regarding food availability (73.91%), compromised dietary quality (89.85%), and reduced food intake (84.05%). Despite relatively stable physical functioning, significant health concerns emerge in terms of pain and mental well-being. Around 42.03% of respondents experienced moderate pain, while 68.12% reported moderate anxiety or depression. The average health utility score (0.85) and VAS score (80.07) suggest a divergence between perceived and actual health status.

Further analysis indicates that improved health outcomes and insurance coverage reduce the likelihood of food insecurity, highlighting the role of institutional support. The study underscores the multidimensional vulnerability of gig workers and calls for targeted policy interventions focusing on food access, health insurance, and mental health support. Strengthening social protection mechanisms is essential to ensure sustainable livelihoods in the evolving gig economy.