Efficacy of Human Placental Extract Gel as Adjunct to SRP vs. SRP Alone in Stage II Grade B Periodontitis: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Background: Non-surgical periodontal therapy with scaling and root planing (SRP) remains the cornerstone for managing stage II grade B periodontitis, though adjunctive therapies may enhance outcomes in shallow pockets (≤5 mm). This randomized controlled split-mouth trial evaluated human placental extract (HPE) gel as an adjunct to SRP versus SRP alone.

Methods: Fifty bilateral sites in 15 systemically healthy subjects (aged 20-50 years) with stage II grade B periodontitis were randomized: Group A (SRP + HPE gel, n=25 sites) and Group B (SRP alone, n=25 sites). Probing pocket depth (PPD), relative attachment level (RAL), and sulcus bleeding index (SBI) were assessed at baseline, 4 weeks, and 6 weeks using UNC-15 probe and customized acrylic stents. Non-parametric tests (Friedman, Wilcoxon, Mann-Whitney U) analyzed changes (p<0.05 significant).

Results: Both groups showed significant intra-group improvements (p<0.01). Inter-group comparisons revealed superior outcomes in Group A: PPD reduced by 1.28 mm (vs. 1.08 mm, p=0.040 at 6 weeks); RAL gain of 2.08 mm (vs. 1.16 mm, p<0.001); SBI dropped to 0.51 (vs. 0.87, p<0.001). No adverse effects occurred.

Conclusion: HPE gel significantly augments SRP efficacy in reducing PPD, improving RAL, and minimizing bleeding in stage II grade B periodontitis, likely due to its regenerative (collagen synthesis, growth factors) and anti-inflammatory properties. Longer-term studies are warranted.