State Management Experiences in the Development of Key Economic Regions in Japan, China, and the United States: Policy Implications for Vietnam

This article examines the state management of Key Economic Regions (KERs) through a comparative analysis of three prototypical models: Japan (Centralized Integrated Planning), China (Growth Poles and Institutional Piloting), and the United States (Autonomous Industrial Cluster Ecosystems). The study elucidates key regulatory instruments utilized in these three nations, specifically independent regional financial mechanisms, the legalization of planning, and the integration of knowledge infrastructure with industrial production. The research findings indicate that success in the development of KERs relies not only on investment incentives but also on the capacity to resolve local interest conflicts through state governance. Based on these findings, the paper proposes several policy recommendations for Vietnam.