Transforming Waste into a Valuable Resource: Development of a Biodegradable Trash Bin Made from Coconut Coir and Rice Husk with Post-Disposal Fertilizer Potential

This study explored the development of a biodegradable trash bin that is made from coconut husk and rice husk designed to turn into a soil conditioner (fertilizer) upon decomposition. As traditional plastic waste bins contribute significantly to environmental degradation, this research explored a solution by evaluating the mechanical durability and post-use agricultural benefits of natural fiber composites. Employing an exploratory mixed method design, the researchers produced three samples with varying coconut husk concentrations (25%, 50%, and 75%). The bins were subjected to standardized Drop Tests from heights up to 2.0m, Load Capacity Tests up to 3kg, and Soil Burial Test to measure weight loss and fertilizer potential. Key findings revealed a critical trade-off between structural strength and biodegradability. Samples with lower fiber content (25%) show higher durability, passing drop tests at 1.5m, and supporting 1kg loads with minimal deformation. On the other hand, samples with higher fiber content (75%) showed the highest rate of biodegradation, losing 9% of their mass in seven days, and demonstrated superior fertilizer potential. Soil enriched by the 75% husk sample showed an increase in pH (from 6.5 to 6.9), improved moisture retention, and accelerated germination of bean sprouts. These results align with the findings of Khan et al. (2022) [5] and Ahmad et al. (2022) [1] regarding the energy absorption and microbial breakdown of lignocellulose materials. The study concludes that a 50% coconut husk blend provides the most doable balance for a functional yet eco-friendly bin. This innovation supports circular economy principles by reducing waste and actively enhancing soil fertility. Recommendations include optimizing the fiber-matrix bonding to improve impact resistance at higher heights and conducting long-term studies on crop yield using decomposed bin fragments.