The Impact of Organic and Inorganic Mulch on Soil Temperature, Moisture Retention, and Weed Control in Bell Pepper (Capsicum annuum) Cultivation

Mulching is a vital agronomic practice that positively influences soil properties including soil temperature, moisture-holding capacity, and weed suppression thereby improving crop growth and productivity. In the cultivation of bell pepper (Capsicum annuum), upholding favorable soil temperature, conserving moisture, and suppressing weeds are vital for optimal plant health and yield. Various mulching materials both have different impacts on soil quality and resultant plant growth. The study aimed to determine the effects of organic and inorganic mulching materials on soil temperature regulation, moisture retention, and weed control in the cultivation of bell pepper. A field experiment was established in a Complete Randomized Block Design (CRBD) with three Treatments namely: Inorganic mulch (T1), organic mulch (T2) and an untreated control (T3). Data on soil temperature, soil moisture, and weed population density were recorded and later analyzed statistically for treatment effects through ANOVA using SPSS-24. Results showed that inorganic mulch (plastic) was more effective in alleviating soil temperature, reducing weed populations, and enhancing soil moisture conservation than organic mulch (grass). Both mulching types outperformed the untreated control in improving soil conditions and weed management. Although inorganic mulch outperformed its organic counterpart, both forms of mulching were beneficial for soil moisture conservation, temperature regulation and weed suppression. The findings contribute useful information towards practical and cost effective alternative for enhancing soil health under smallholder production system.