Pre-Laboratory Schema for General Biology

This study developed and implemented a Pre-Laboratory Schema to improve students’ readiness and performance in senior high school Biology laboratories. Guided by the Educational Design Research framework, it validated the schema’s content and examined its effect on science process skills among 75 Grade 11 STEM-Medical students. Expert evaluations confirmed its clarity, relevance, and accuracy, while results showed significantly higher gains in the experimental group’s post-test scores. Students described the schema as clear, helpful, and engaging, improving confidence and reducing confusion. Overall, the schema effectively enhanced science process skills and supported more organized laboratory learning.