Understanding Parenting Self-Efficacy among Primipara Mothers: An Integrative Review of Experiences, Social Support, and Work-Life Balance

Parenting self-efficacy refers to a parent’s belief in their ability to successfully perform parenting roles and responsibilities. For primipara mothers, the transition to motherhood involves major emotional, physical, and social adjustments that can influence confidence in caring for an infant. This integrative review synthesises evidence on parenting self-efficacy among primiparous mothers, with a specific focus on maternal experiences, social support, and work–life balance. Previous studies have shown that maternal mental health, self-confidence in childcare skills, support from family and partners, and work-related stressors are determinants of parenting self-efficacy. Primipara mothers commonly experience confusion, stress, and emotional distress in the early postpartum period. These difficulties are particularly exacerbated when there is inadequate support or when returning to paid work. At the same time, parental confidence and maternal well-being are clearly enhanced when social and workplace support is available. This study highlights the need to strengthen support systems.