A Comparative Study on the Effects of Feedlot and Grazing System on Nutritional Profile of Indigenous Beef: A Case Study of Chipata District Eastern Zambia

Beef production systems greatly affect the nutritional quality and consumer acceptability of meat. In Zambia, indigenous breeds like Angoni cattle are very important in rural livelihoods and food security; however, there is limited information on how feeding strategies influence their nutritional profile. The current study compared feedlot and grazing systems on the nutritional composition and quality of indigenous beef in Chipata District. Using a quasi-experimental design, ten meat samples were collected-five from cattle reared under feedlot conditions and five from grazing systems. Laboratory analyses on protein, fat, moisture, and fatty acid composition were done using mass spectrometry and gas chromatography, while sensory attributes such as tenderness, flavor, and color were evaluated. There were marked differences between the two systems. Feedlot beef had higher levels of omega-6 fatty acids and saturated fats, while the protein content ranged up to 69.92%. On the contrary, the grazing beef showed a superior level of monounsaturated fatty acids, higher levels of omega-3 fatty acids, and protein value reaching 68.87%. The grazing system similarly produced leaner meat with favorable fatty acid ratios, which may imply some health benefits like reduced incidence of cardiovascular diseases. On the other hand, feedlot systems enhanced rapid growth and marbling at the expense of nutritional balance. These findings highlight some trade-offs between productivity and nutritional integrity. Grazing systems offered better fatty acid profiles and aligned well with sustainable livestock practice, although feedlots provide efficiency.