Assessing the Effect of Industrial Liquid Waste Discharge on Water Quality: A Case Study Lunkhwakwa Stream in Chipata District Eastern Province

This study aims to Assess the effect of industrial liquid waste discharge on water quality characterize the physicochemical properties of discharged of liquid waste, assess their effects on receiving water quality, and evaluate compliance with regulatory standards. The research was conducted in an industrial zone where wastewater from the industry is discharged into nearby stream. A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining laboratory analyses of wastewater and water samples with field surveys of industry representatives and community members. Key parameters analyzed included pH, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total suspended solids (TSS). The results revealed that industrial effluents frequently exceeded acceptable limits for several physicochemical parameters, leading to significant degradation of water quality in receiving bodies. Elevated levels of BOD and TSS indicated high organic pollution, while the presence of heavy metals posed serious ecological risks. Additionally, many industries were found to be non-compliant with environmental regulations, particularly concerning the treatment of wastewater. Interpretation of the findings suggests that the environmental and public health risks associated with industrial wastewater discharges are significant, necessitating urgent action. Recommendations include the implementation of advanced wastewater treatment technologies, regular monitoring and enforcement of compliance with regulations, and increased awareness and training for industry stakeholders on sustainable wastewater management practices. This research underscores the importance of effective industrial wastewater management to protect water quality and promote environmental sustainability.