Examining the Effects of Drought on Maize Production among Smallholder Farmers: A Case Study of Petauke District, Nyika Ward

Drought is increasingly becoming one of the most critical environmental challenges in Sub-Saharan Africa, including Zambia, affecting maize growth, reducing yields, and undermining food security. The general objective of the study was to examine how drought influences maize production among smallholder farmers. Specifically, the study aimed at examining the drought coping strategies adopted by smallholder farmers, determining the effectiveness of these strategies on maize production, and assessing the impact of drought on maize yields and household food security. The study utilized an exploratory case study design focusing on Nyika ward in Petauke District. The main research tool was a semi-structured questionnaire consisting of both open-ended and closed-ended question. Additionally, Chi-square tests were conducted to examine the relationship between drought coping strategies and maize production outcomes. Quantitative data was analyzed using STATA software, applying descriptive statistics such as frequencies, percentages, and means to highlight patterns and trends. The study examined drought adaptation strategies and their effectiveness among smallholder maize farmers in Petauke District. Irrigation (46%) and drought-resistant seed varieties (27%) were the most common strategies and maize insurance remained least common at 2%, though access to irrigation and resilient seed remained limited. Various drought copying strategies were practiced, with 70% reporting it as effective or very effective. Financial support was rarely accessible (8%). Chi-square analysis revealed a significant association between drought frequency and maize yield reduction (p<0.001), as well as between yield reduction and income loss (p<0.001). Strengthening drought resilience requires improving access to affordable drought-resistant seed, expanding small-scale irrigation, and enhancing extension services. Farmer training, peer learning, and timely weather information are vital for adoption of climate-smart practices. Expanding financial services, including microcredit and insurance, can help smallholders manage risks and recover from drought-related losses effectively.