Examining the Effectiveness of Household Waste Collection System in Enhancing Sanitation Standards: A Case Study of Kanyama Compound in Lusaka

Solid waste management remains a major urban challenge in developing countries. The World Bank estimates 2.01 billion tonnes of municipal waste each year and projects 3.40 billion tonnes by 2050. Informal settlements face the highest risks as weak collection systems allow waste to pile up, drains to clog, and disease to spread. This study examines whether household waste collection improves sanitation standards in Kanyama Compound, Lusaka. The specific objectives are to describe current household waste practices, to evaluate how far collection enhances sanitation standards, and to identify the challenges and limits that hold the system back. The study adopts a descriptive cross-sectional design with a quantitative approach. The target population is households in Kanyama. A sample of 75 participants was selected using stratified and systematic random sampling across zones that differ by access and density. Data was collected through structured questionnaires administered face to face.

The findings revealed that 38% of households rely on official collection services while 28% burn their waste and 17% pay informal collectors. Only 19% of respondents regularly separate waste for recycling. In terms of sanitation, 37% reported seeing uncollected waste piles almost daily and 39% expressed extreme concern about health risks such as cholera and malaria. Short field observations and recent secondary records supported the survey and confirmed that irregular waste collection remains a visible challenge in the area. study concludes that while household waste collection exists in Kanyama, its effectiveness is hindered by irregular schedules, inadequate infrastructure and low community participation. Strengthening coordination and promoting awareness can enhance sanitation outcomes and reduce public health risks.