Enhancing the Effectiveness of Irrigation Infrastructure Management and Operation in Vietnam

The management and operation of irrigation infrastructure in Vietnam play a pivotal role in ensuring agricultural productivity, water security, and climate resilience. Despite significant investments over recent decades, the irrigation sector continues to face challenges related to fragmented governance, limited financial autonomy, aging infrastructure, and increasing variability in water resources caused by climate change. This study provides an in-depth analysis of the current management framework, institutional arrangements, and operational practices governing Vietnam’s irrigation systems. Drawing on policy documents, empirical studies, and international best practices, the paper identifies structural inefficiencies and proposes a comprehensive approach for improving performance. Key recommendations include transitioning toward participatory irrigation management, strengthening digital monitoring systems, adopting cost-recovery mechanisms, and enhancing coordination among state agencies and water user organizations. The research contributes to the broader discourse on sustainable water resource management in emerging economies and offers actionable policy insights for Vietnam’s ongoing irrigation sector reform.