A Mini-Review of Awareness of Cervical Cancer Screening and Uptake of HPV Vaccination among Nigerian Women

Cervical cancer remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among women in Nigeria, despite being largely preventable through regular screening and Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination. This mini-review examines the awSareness and uptake levels of cervical cancer screening and HPV vaccination among Nigerian women. Data from studies conducted between 2015 and 2024 indicate that awareness of cervical cancer ranges from 45% to 78%, while awareness of screening methods such as Pap smear and VIA (Visual Inspection with Acetic acid) varies between 30% and 65%. However, actual screening uptake remains critically low, with national estimates showing participation rates of only 8% to 15%. Awareness of HPV vaccination is reported among 25% to 55% of women, yet uptake is alarmingly low—less than 10% in most regions. Key determinants influencing low uptake include poor health education, limited access to screening facilities, cultural misconceptions, and cost barriers. Urban women and those with tertiary education exhibit significantly higher awareness and participation than rural counterparts (p < 0.05). The review underscores the urgent need for intensified public health campaigns, integration of HPV vaccination into national immunization programs, and improved accessibility to screening services to reduce cervical cancer burden in Nigeria.