Effects of Gamification Strategies on Learning Mathematics: A Meta-Analysis

Mathematics learning often challenges students, as maintaining motivation, engagement, and achievement can be difficult. Gamification has emerged as a promising strategy to enhance learning experiences and participation. This study examined the overall effects of gamification on mathematics learning across educational levels, identified the most effective strategies, and assessed the reliability of findings. From an initial screening of 3,000 studies, 16 were selected following the PRISMA process and assessed for quality using the CASP checklist. Descriptive and inferential statistics analyzed the prevalence and effectiveness of gamification strategies, while subgroup analyses compared K–12, secondary, and higher education levels. Heterogeneity, stability, and publication bias were assessed using standard methods, and all results were generated in JASP for transparency and reproducibility. The findings indicated a moderate-to-large overall effect of gamification on mathematics learning (M = 0.444, 95% CI [0.387–0.502]), with consistent positive outcomes across educational levels. Game-Based Learning (42.9%) and Game Elements (28.6%) were most effective, while other gamified strategies supported personalized learning. Then, minimal publication bias confirmed the reliability of these results. Thus, these results suggest gamification is an effective instructional approach, enhancing cognitive, affective, and behavioral outcomes, and educators are encouraged to integrate gamified elements in diverse mathematics learning contexts.