Digital Economy Development in Vietnam: Challenges and Policy Directions

Vietnam’s economy is undergoing a profound digital transformation driven by rapid ICT adoption, e-commerce expansion, and ambitious government initiatives. This study critically examines Vietnam’s digital economy landscape, identifying infrastructure, regulatory, skills, and inclusion challenges. We review global and Vietnamese literature, describe a qualitative policy analysis framework, and compare Vietnam’s experience with advanced digital economies (Singapore, South Korea, China, EU). Drawing on official data and reports, we outline policy directions (2025–2035) to overcome constraints. Key findings highlight Vietnam’s fast-growing digital sector (reaching ~18% of GDP in 2024), but note hurdles in broadband reach, legal frameworks, workforce training, and rural access. International benchmarks underscore the importance of liberalized telecoms, robust digital regulation, and inclusive skill development. We recommend targeted policies on broadband expansion, regulatory clarity (data protection, competition), digital literacy, and public-private partnerships to achieve the government’s goal of a 30% digital-economy share by 2030. This analysis provides evidence-based guidance for policymakers, aligning with Vietnam’s National Digital Transformation Program and global best practices.