Exploring the Barriers and Drivers of Digital Transformation in Logistics Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises in Vietnam: A Qualitative Study

This study aims to explore and understand in-depth the drivers and barriers in the digital transformation process of logistics small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Vietnam, a segment that constitutes the majority but faces numerous challenges. To achieve this objective, an exploratory qualitative research method was employed, utilizing a multiple case study design with semi-structured interviews with 15 senior managers as the primary data collection tool. Thematic analysis of the results reveals that while market pressure, the need for internal performance optimization, and opportunities from e-commerce are the main drivers compelling SMEs to change, the process is profoundly hindered by core, interconnected barriers, including financial burdens, a digital talent crisis, cultural inertia, and strategic ambiguity. Consequently, the study offers significant implications: SME managers should start with small, quick-win solutions, focus on digital culture, and consider leasing technology services, while policymakers need to develop financial support programs and specialized human resource development initiatives. The novelty of this study lies in its in-depth qualitative approach, which elucidates the "soft" and contextual factors (culture, people) often overlooked by previous quantitative studies, thereby providing a comprehensive and realistic view of the digital transformation challenges facing Vietnamese logistics SMEs.