Assessing the Ecological Footprints of Open Dumping in Olum, Anambra State, Nigeria: Implications for Human and Environmental Sustainability

The practice of open dumping (OD) has become a significant environmental and public health issue in Anambra State, Nigeria. This research investigates the ecological footprints of Olum open dump site in Anambra state and examines its implications for both human and environmental sustainability. Open dumping, a common waste management practice in both urban and rural areas, has led to severe environmental degradation, including soil contamination, water pollution, air pollution, and biodiversity loss. It also poses serious health risks, contributing to the spread of respiratory diseases, waterborne diseases, and vector-borne diseases among the local population. The study employs a mixed-methods approach, combining surveys, statistical analysis, field observations, and secondary data analysis to assess the scope of open dumping in Olum Anambra State. Findings suggest that Olum open dump-site is primarily located near water bodies, residential areas, and agricultural lands, exacerbating the ecological and health impacts. The study also highlights the socio-economic costs associated with open dumping, including increased healthcare expenditures, loss of aesthetic value, and hindrance to tourism and local business development. Based on these findings, the paper proposes recommendations to improve waste management infrastructure, enhance public awareness, strengthen policy enforcement, and foster community participation in waste management practices. The research underscores the urgent need for sustainable waste management practices to mitigate the negative impacts of OD and promote environmental and public health sustainability in Olum, Anambra State.