Prevalence of Pre Diabetes in Enugu metropolis, Nigeria

Several studies have reported a high association between hypertension and the development of diabetes in different parts of the world. This study focused on the prevalence of prediabetes in Enugu, Nigeria. 100 samples were obtained from hypertensive patients at the University of Nigeria teaching hospital, Ituku-ozalla and their fasting blood glucose concentrations were determined. Data analysis was done using IBM SPSS version 21 and results from the biochemical assay were reported as mean +/- SEM. The relationship between their fasting blood glucose levels and sex and age was tested using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by the Pearson correlation analysis and the probability levels more than 0.05 (p<0.05) were considered not significant. The fasting glucose concentration of all the hypertensive patients revealed that they all were prediabetic with a fasting blood glucose level of between 100 mg/dl to 125 mg/dl. This implies that our study recorded a 100% prevalence of Prediabetes among hypertensive patients attending clinic at UNTH. The difference between the means of fasting blood sugar of the males and females’ hypertensive patients revealed that there is no statistical difference between the means in FBS for males and females’ hypertensive patients attending clinic at UNTH with a P- value= 0.935, F-ratio = 0.00662 which is not significant at P>0.05. Also, the difference between the means of fasting blood sugar across the age groups of the hypertensive patients using ANOVA test, the ANOVA test revealed that there is no statistical difference between the means in FBS across the different age groups of hypertensive patients attending clinic at UNTH with a P- value= 0.2219, F-value = 1.491 which is not significant at P>0.05. This implies that age and sex of the population sampled had no contribution to the fasting blood glucose among this group of patients. However, the correlation between the fasting blood glucose and blood pressure of the hypertensive patients demonstrated a strong negative correlation (r= -0.0197, r2= 0.0004 (0.4%), n=100, P= 0.843) between fasting blood glucose and diastolic BP. There was also a strong negative correlation (r= -0.969, r2= 0.939 (93.9%), n=100, P= 0.337) between fasting blood glucose and systolic BP. This suggests that fasting blood glucose level and the differential blood pressure are inversely related. In conclusion, there is a 100% prevalence of Prediabetes among hypertensive patients attending clinic at UNTH, Enugu.