Drug Management and Control of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)

HIV antiretroviral therapy (ART) is a treatment that uses a combination of medications to manage and control the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). ART does not cure HIV but reduces the viral load in a person’s body to undetectable levels, which prevents the progression of HIV to AIDS and dramatically reduces the risk of transmitting the virus to others. ART typically combines drugs from different classes, such as nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), protease inhibitors (PIs), and integrase inhibitors, to attack the virus at various stages of its life cycle. Starting ART as soon as possible after an HIV diagnosis is crucial, as it helps preserve immune function, reduces the risk of HIV-related complications, and improves overall life expectancy. For individuals who maintain consistent ART, HIV can become a manageable chronic condition, allowing them to lead long, healthy lives. Regular medical check-ups, adherence to the prescribed regimen, and managing potential side effects are essential for the success of ART. Additionally, with advancements in medicine, newer ART options often have fewer side effects and more convenient dosing schedules, including single-pill regimens. Access to ART, along with education and support, is fundamental to improving the quality of life for people living with HIV and reducing new HIV infections globally.