Protection of Citizens Right to Freedom of Expression on Social Media Under Act Number 1 of 2024 on Electronic Information and Transactions in Relation to the Principle of Justice

Freedom of expression is the right of every human being and is one of the human rights guaranteed and regulated in the Indonesian constitution. This is as stated in Article 28E paragraph (3) of the 1945 Constitution. In the digital era, social media has become the main public space for expressing opinions, but its existence is also regulated and limited by Act Number 1 of 2024 concerning Information and Electronic Transactions (ITE Act). Until now, the protection of citizens' right to freedom of expression in Indonesia's digital space is still faced with the problem of multi-interpretable articles such as Article 27A and Article 28 paragraph (2) of the ITE Act which are often used to ensnare critics on social media, trigger criminalization, and lower the national democracy index.