The Protection of Human Rights for International Refugees in Indonesia: Case Study of the Rohingya Ethnic Group in Aceh

The arrival of Rohingya refugees in Aceh forms part of an ongoing international humanitarian crisis, positioning Indonesia as a transit country. Normatively, refugee protection is governed by the 1951 Refugee Convention and the 1967 Protocol, which set out the principle of non-refoulement and the rights to education, healthcare, employment, and legal protection. At the national level, Presidential Regulation No. 125 of 2016 serves as the administrative basis for managing refugees, including aspects of shelter and humanitarian assistance. In practice, the Rohingya refugee situation in Aceh illustrates that protection remains limited to basic needs, without legal certainty, access to education, or long-term integration. This situation underscores the urgency of strengthening regulations and adopting more comprehensive policies to ensure legal, physical, and social protection for refugees.