Total Neoadjuvant Treatment in Rectal Cancer; A Narrative Review

Traditional neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CRT) is beginning to give way to total neoadjuvant therapy (TNT), a promising treatment option for locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC). The results of principal study that aided TNT's integration into clinical practice are combined in this review. When compared to normal CRT, it highlights how effective TNT is at enhancing disease-free and metastasis-free survival, pathologic complete response, and, based on current research, a possible improvement in overall survival. We also examines the trend toward individualized medicine using TNT and examines the greater organ preservation produced by TNT. It also investigates whether radiotherapy can be excluded in specific subgroups. The use of TNT in early-stage disease, immunotherapy integration, and identifying the best TNT components—such as the kind of radiotherapy or chemotherapy—are some future prospects.