The Double-Edged Web: Social Media Penetration and Cybercrime Exposure in India

Social media in India has emerged as a transformative tool for women's empowerment, particularly among middle-class and rural populations. This paper explores how digital platforms enable women to express themselves, pursue entrepreneurship, access education, and engage in activism, thus challenging traditional gender roles and societal norms. Drawing on secondary sources and recent studies, the paper highlights both the opportunities and challenges of this digital engagement. While platforms like Facebook, Instagram, and WhatsApp provide avenues for civic and political participation, they also expose women to risks such as cyberbullying, harassment, and cultural dissonance. The behavior of users ranging from urban mothers balancing modernity with tradition to conservative communities like the Tablighi Jamaat adapting to digital norms demonstrates the complex interplay between culture and technology. Additionally, the rise in information-seeking and awareness around gender issues indicates a strong potential for broader societal change. However, barriers such as limited digital literacy and lack of time or interest hinder more active participation. This study argues for the importance of media literacy and inclusive digital policies to maximize the empowering potential of social media while mitigating its risks. By synthesizing diverse experiences and data, the paper offers a conceptual understanding of how digital platforms can catalyze gender equality and social transformation in India.