Prevalence and Predictors of Metabolic Syndrome Among University Students in Yemen: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a significant public health issue globally due to its association with an increased risk of developing type two diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular diseases among adolescent and adult individuals. The objective of this study is to examine the factors that contribute to the prevalence of MetS among students of Hadhramout University in Mukalla, Yemen.

Materials and Methods: A total of 400 participants aged 18-26 years were selected using a multistage random sample from six colleges during the academic year 2021-2022. Anthropometric measurements and blood pressure were obtained from each participant. Fasting blood glucose and serum lipid profile were measured using a chemical autoanalyzer. The international diabetes federation (IDF) criteria were used to diagnose MetS. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to analyze the associations between various factors and the prevalence of MetS, and the results were presented using odd ratios (ORs) at 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Results: The current population statistic reveals that MetS is prevalent among 11.5% of the participants based on IDF criteria. The study found that being female, younger, an urban resident, single, studying a theoretical discipline, or a former smoker increases the likelihood of developing MetS. Additionally, a higher waist/hip ratio (WHR) is associated with a greater probability of MetS prevalence.

Conclusion: MetS is a prevalent public health issue among the students of Hadhramout University. The study findings highlight the importance of implementing health promotion and prevention programs that specifically focus on screening, diagnosis, and management of MetS among young adults. Such programs could pave the way for effective interventions in the future.