International Journal of Advanced Multidisciplinary Research and Studies
Volume 5, Issue 3, 2025
Approach from the Public Health of the Global Historical and Clinical and Molecular Diagnóstic of the Cryptococcosis
Author(s): Jaime Vargas Arzola, Francisca Hernandez-Hernandez, Aristeo Segura-Salvador, Jose Ignacio Arias-Giron, Luis Alberto Hernandez-Osorio, Sergio Alberto Ramirez-Garcia, Ericel Hernandez-Garcia, Adriana Moreno-Rodriguez, Mario Urbina-Mata, Gabriel Sanchez-Cruz, Jose Ricardo-Avendano
DOI: https://doi.org/10.62225/2583049X.2025.5.3.4196
Abstract:
This review explores the historical background of Cryptococcus, its key virulence factors, molecular diagnostic tools, and emerging trends in cryptococcal research. Fungal pathogens are increasingly recognized as a significant global public health threat, particularly in light of the rising incidence of neglected mycoses. In response to this growing burden, the World Health Organization (WHO) has prioritized fungal diseases as a critical area of concern. Traditionally, Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii have been classified into four serotypes: A and D for C. neoformans, and B and C for C. gattii. Currently, serotype A is designated as C. neoformans var. grubii, serotype D as C. neoformans var. neoformans, while serotypes B and C are assigned to C. gattii. Cryptococcal infection poses a significant public health challenge globally, particularly in equatorial regions. In this review, we provide a concise overview of the Cryptococcus genome and discuss a range of molecular typing methods used to evaluate the genetic diversity and epidemiological burden of cryptococcal pathogens in environmental and clinical contexts. We also offer a detailed examination of the molecular mechanisms underlying cryptococcal immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS), with a specific focus on cryptococcal meningitis–associated IRIS (CM-IRIS).
Keywords: Cryptococcus Neoformans, Cryptococcus Gattii, Fugial Infection
Pages: 19-28
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