Public-Private Collaboration in Building the U.S. EV Supply Chain: A Financial and Economic Review

The expansion of the electric vehicle (EV) sector is central to the United States’ clean energy transition, yet building a resilient and competitive EV supply chain remains a significant national challenge. This review explores the strategic role of public-private partnerships (PPPs) in accelerating the development of the domestic EV supply chain, with a focus on infrastructure deployment, battery manufacturing, financial structuring, governance, and policy implementation. Drawing on recent federal legislation, case studies, and academic literature, the paper analyzes how PPPs enable risk-sharing, capital mobilization, and cross-sector coordination. It critically examines the structural and geopolitical vulnerabilities that hinder progress, including fragmented governance, labor shortages, and foreign material dependencies. The review also outlines best practices in stakeholder management, data integration, and investment incentives, offering actionable policy recommendations to strengthen national resilience and competitiveness. Ultimately, the paper positions PPPs as a foundational mechanism for aligning industrial policy with sustainability, innovation, and economic security in the evolving clean energy landscape.