The Effects of the Revocation of the Zimbabwe Exemption Permit (ZEP) on Zimbabwean Migrants’ Children Living in South Africa

The Zimbabwe Exemption Permit (ZEP) is a special visa introduced to accommodate Zimbabwean migrants in South Africa following the political and economic instability caused by the 2000 presidential election dispute and land reform program. The deteriorating economic conditions in Zimbabwe forced nearly half a million individuals to migrate to South Africa, overwhelming its Home Affairs Department and leading to the creation of the Special Dispensation on Zimbabweans, now known as the ZEP. This permit has allowed beneficiaries to live, work, and conduct business in South Africa for over 15 years, enabling them to establish families and integrate into society. This study examines the implications of revoking the ZEP, particularly on the welfare of affected children. Through interviews with ZEP holders, teachers, social workers, and psychologists in both Zimbabwe and South Africa, findings reveal that more than 90% of respondents expressed concerns about the potential harm to children's security, development, and well-being. The study argues that the revocation constitutes structural violence and generates conflict by disregarding the children's best interests. To mitigate these challenges, the research recommends policy revisions that establish legal pathways for permanent residency, ensure access to education regardless of documentation status, and strengthen child protection mechanisms. Aligning South Africa’s migration policies with international human rights standards is essential to safeguarding affected children’s futures while preventing social and economic instability.