Awareness of Cervical Cancer in Imo State, South-Eastern Nigeria

Cervical cancer remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among women globally, especially in low- and middle-income countries like Nigeria. This study assessed the awareness of cervical cancer among women in Imo State, Nigeria. A cross-sectional, descriptive survey was conducted across the three geopolitical zones of Imo State between February and June 2023, involving 257 women aged 30-49 years. Data were collected using structured, pre- tested questionnaires covering socio-demographic characteristics and cervical cancer awareness.

Descriptive statistics and chi-square tests were employed for analysis, with significance set at p < 0.05.

Results revealed that 66.3% of respondents were aware of cervical cancer, while 33.7% were not.

Urban residents demonstrated significantly higher awareness (86.6%) compared to rural counterparts (30.3%) (X² = 80.497, p & lt; 0.001). Higher socioeconomic status, education level, and occupation were strongly associated with better awareness (p < 0.001). Marital status also influenced awareness, with married (69.2%) and single (69.0%) women showing greater awareness than separated/widowed women (36.4%) (X² = 9.660, p = 0.008). Age, however, did not significantly affect awareness (p = 0.084).

The study highlights the need for targeted public health interventions to improve awareness, particularly among rural, less-educated, and low-income women. Recommendations include community-based education programs, engagement with local leaders, and expanded media campaigns to enhance outreach. Strengthening primary healthcare services in rural areas for routine screening and counseling is essential. Addressing these disparities can promote early detection and contribute to reducing cervical cancer incidence and mortality in Imo State.