Hybrid Dielectric (Tube-Rod) Antenna: Design and Analysis for Enhanced Performance at Wide X-Band

This paper discusses developing and analyzing a hybrid (Rod-Tube) dielectric antenna that utilizes Teflon (εr = 2.2) as a feeding material. A MATLAB program was used to plot and calculate antenna parameters such as the radiation pattern, half-power beamwidth, maximum power, directivity, and gain. The radiation pattern was analyzed over a frequency range of 8 to 12 GHz; it was too sharp and demonstrated a consistent shape and intensity, which indicates the antenna's wide operational bandwidth within the X-band frequency range. Notably, the side-lobs were suppressed, enhancing the antenna's performance. The antenna exhibited high directivity, and the gain of the antenna was 21.83 dB and 20.8 dB, respectively.