Zahabba Patch: Innovation of Gingival Mucoadhesion Patch Combination of Ginger (Zingiber Officinale) and Black Cubit (Nigella Sativa) as Gingivitis Treatment

Background

The prevalence of periodontal disease in Indonesia reaches 74.1%. Treatment of gingivitis by administering NSAIDs has a side effect of gastritis. Anti-inflammatory and analgesic derived from natural ingredients are known to cause minimal side effects on the patient's body. The active compounds gingerol in ginger (Zingiber officinale) and quercetin in black cumin (Nigella sativa) are known to function as good anti-inflammatory and analgesic agents.

Objectives

This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of gingerol in ginger extract and qurcetin in black cumin as an anti-inflammatory and analgesic packaged in a mucoadhesion patch as a treatment for gingivitis.

Material and Methods

Preparations of gingerol and quercetin were obtained by biocomputation using the PyRx program, the Pymol program, the RCSB PDB website, the Lipinski rule of five page, the PDBSum website, and also the pkCSM website. Physicochemical, pharmacokinetic, toxicity, and molecular docking tests were carried out to determine the biocompatibility of the active ingredients used.

Results

In the physicochemical tests, the compounds glycerol and quercetin can penetrate somatic cell membranes, have good solubility in water, can dissolve easily in the blood, are easily distributed in the body, and can maintain their position and bond strength with the target macro protein. The results of the AMES toxicity, Hepatotoxicity and skin sensitization tests showed negative values for both gingerol and quercetin. In the molecular docking test, the gingerol and quercetin compounds have a tendency to form bonds with COX-1 compared to arachidonic acid without having to increase the dose so that they become competitors to the native ligand.

Conclusion

The active compounds gingerol in ginger extract (Zingiber officinale) and quercetin in black cumin extract (Nigella sativa) contained in Zahabba patch are good anti-inflammatory and analgesic by inhibiting the synthesis of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as PGI2, PGE2, and TXA2 by being competitive inhibitor of the enzyme phospholipase A2 against membrane lipids and the enzyme cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) against arachidonic acid.