Evaluating the Effects of Centralization and Decentralization on Strategic Implementation at Federal University Wukari

This study investigates the effects of centralization and decentralization on strategy implementation in Federal University Wukari, Nigeria. Utilizing a cross-sectional research design, the study explores how governance structures—specifically top-level decision-making, uniform policy enforcement, departmental autonomy, and participatory decision-making—impact the effectiveness of strategic implantation within the university. A sample of 150 administrative staff, faculty heads, and department coordinators was selected using a stratified random sampling technique. Data were collected via structured questionnaires and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, including multiple regression analysis. The results reveal that all four dimensions significantly affect strategy implementation. Top-level decision-making and uniform policy enforcement (centralization aspects) were found to provide consistency and alignment with institutional goals, though they can hinder responsiveness. Departmental autonomy and participatory decision-making (decentralization aspects) foster flexibility and innovation, improving the university's ability to adapt to localized needs. However, decentralized systems also pose risks of inconsistent strategy execution across departments. The study concludes that a hybrid governance model, balancing centralization for uniformity and decentralization for adaptability, is optimal for enhancing strategy implementation. This study is particularly relevant in the context of public higher education institutions in Nigeria, where governance structures must evolve to meet growing academic and administrative demands.