Designed of Onboard Electronics for the Construction of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV)

Background: This research work presents the designed and implementation of onboard electronics for the construction of fixed wing unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), which are more properly known as drones. Basically, a drone is a flying robot. Working in combination with GPS, the flying machine may be remotely controlled or can fly autonomously by software-controlled flight plans in their embedded systems.

Method: The materials used in this designed of onboard electronics includes, Electric speed controller ESC, power supplies, remote control receiver, Electric servos (4), autopilot for Autonomous flight, electric motor/propeller, and Motorcarlc software for the simulation. The simulation was done.

Results: Results shows that the lipo (lithium polymer) battery has a load, weight, energy, minimum flight time, maximum flight time, total capacity and used capacity of 0.8oC, 1500 g, 244.2 Wh, 59.0 minutes, 77.4 minutes, 22000 mAh, and 18700 mAh respectively. And also, the motor at optimum efficiency generate current, voltage, Resolutions, electric power, mechanical power, and efficiency of 6.45 A, 11.05 V, 14079 rpm, 71.2 W, 58.5 W, and 82.1 % respectively. Also, the motor at maximum efficiency generate current, voltage, Resolutions, electric power, mechanical power, efficiency and estimated temperature of 19.01 A, 10.95 V, 11091 rpm, 208.2 W, 146.0 W, 70.1 % and 77 °C respectively. Also, the propeller has a static thrust, resolution, stall thrust, avail thrust at 0 km/h, pitch speed, tip speed, and specific thrust of 1017 g, 11091 rpm, 788 g, 27.8 oz, 101 km/h, 425 km/h and 3.78 g/W respectively. Also, the total drive was observed to have a drive weight, power weight, thrust-weight, maximum current, power in at maximum, power out at maximum, maximum efficiency and torque of 1763 g, 148 W/kg, 0.71:1, 19.01 A, 211.0 W, 146.0 W, 69.2 %, and 0.13 Nm respectively. And finally, the aircraft was observed to has a total weight, wing load, cubic wing load, estimated stall speed, estimated level speed, and estimated rate of 1430 g, 31 g/dm², 4.5, 26 km/h, 64 km/h, and 4.0 m/s respectively.

Conclusion: The result shows that the designed onboard electronics is capable of Autonomously hovering and can stabilize the UAV.