Advancement From Stem Cells to Oral Tissue Organoids: A Step Towards Tissue Regeneration

The primary goal of periodontal therapy has been to facilitate the complete restoration and regeneration of the compromised periodontal tissues, aiming to return them to their original form and function. Recent advances in the field of stem cell biology and regenerative medicine have led to various opportunities for tissue engineering and gene-based approaches in periodontal therapy. Stem cells, characterized by their capacity of renewal and differentiation into various specialized cells, have revolutionized regenerative medicine and played a vital role in the emergence of tissue engineering-based treatments. Three-dimensional (3D) cell culture systems have emerged as a significant breakthrough. These systems enable the cultivation of complex structures known as organoids and spheroids, closely mirroring the in-vivo conditions, and facilitating cellular growth and interaction within their microenvironment. This has greatly enhanced our understanding of the spatiotemporal dynamics of organogenesis and organ function. In this review, we describe the recent technological developments in the field of regenerative therapy.