HIV/AIDS Prevalence in Taraba State, North East, Nigeria; Case Study: Wukari and Environs

The HIV/AIDS situation in Nigeria has undergone a lot of transformation following a long period that was plagued by superstition and denial. The objective of this appraisal is to provide information on the current HIV situation in Southern Taraba state Northeastern Nigeria and to highlight on the factors that drive the epidemic. This study focuses on determining HIV rifeness in Wukari and environs, Taraba State, North East, Nigeria, given its historical burden and progress. The study, conducted in Wukari Town, Southern Taraba, had 100 (35 Males and 65 Females) individuals aged 11-60 participating. HIV rapid test kit was used for the analysis of blood samples collected from participants using standard serological techniques. The results obtained indicated an overall HIV prevalence of 18%, with females (12%) showing higher rates than males (6%). The age group 21-30 had the highest number of positive cases (5) each, representing 10% for both males and females. Comparisons with previous studies suggest evolving prevalence patterns, raising concerns about potential underdiagnosis. Gender disparities reflect global trends, emphasizing the vulnerability of women, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa. Understanding age-specific risks is crucial, with the 21-30 age group requiring targeted interventions. The absence of cases in the 51-60 age group prompts an examination of the effectiveness of prevention measures. This study accentuates the dynamic nature of HIV prevalence, advocating for ongoing research to inform tailored interventions and adapt strategies based on evolving demographic landscapes. This research study further re-affirms the need for routine baseline screening for this serological marker, as it is a major consideration in the commencement and choice of highly active anti-retroviral therapy. Hence, the results of the study implies that patients should be encouraged to go for screening and know their status for proper management and take steps to avoid infecting other individuals. Also, for those that are seropositive, early diagnosis and treatment are recommended measures. Finally, there is need for vigorous awareness campaigns on the routes of transmission of these infections and to educate people living in developing regions as to the deadly effect of these infections. Hence, the results obtained from this researched implies that patients should be encouraged to go for screening and know their status for proper management to avoid AIDS conditions and take steps to avoid infecting other individuals. Also, for those that are seropositive, early diagnosis, and treatment with antiviral are the recommended preventive measures.