Analyzing the Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns in Patients Diagnosed with Urinary Tract Infections: An Evaluation

Background: Antimicrobial resistance is a public health risk for treating community-acquired urinary tract infections. Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) is a common and significant clinical issue. Recurrent UTIs can result in renal scarring, hypertension, and end-stage renal failure later in life. The goal of the study was to assess the bacterial composition and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of patients with urinary tract infections (UTIs) attending DHQ Hospital Mirpur, AJK, Pakistan.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of clinical records at DHQ Hospital Mirpur AJK from February to August 2023, focusing on urinary tract infections. We identify urinary tract pathogens and their immune responses to guide effective treatment strategies and address drug resistance.

Results: The study found that Escherichia coli was the most common infection, accounting for 29.7% of cases. Other prevalent pathogens were Klebsiella spp. (21.2%), Staphylococcus aureus (24%), and Enterococcus faecalis. Candida spp., Serratia marcescens, and Neisseria meningitidis were found in a minority of patients. Some antibiotics, such as chloramphenicol (89.9%), tigecycline, neomycin, vancomycin, and amikacin (100%), shown great sensitivity. Others demonstrated reduced sensitivity, such as levofloxacin (34.4%) and cefoxitin (26.3%). Overall, the findings highlight the necessity of selecting antibiotics depending on their efficacy against certain infections.

Conclusion: In conclusion, this study provides valuable insights into the prevalence, bacterial composition, and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of urinary tract infections (UTIs). Escherichia coli was identified as the most prevalent pathogen, emphasizing the need for targeted treatment strategies. The variable responses to different antibiotics highlight the importance of selecting appropriate antibiotics based on local resistance patterns to ensure effective management of UTIs and combat the emergence of antibiotic resistance.