A Systematic Review on the Intricate Epigenetic Landscape of Prostate Cancer: Navigating Molecular Complexities for Therapeutic Insights

Background: This comprehensive review investigates the expanding landscape of cancer genetics, with a specific focus on the escalating burden of prostate cancer in Bangladesh. Against the backdrop of increasing cancer prevalence and mortality rates in the country, particularly noteworthy in the case of prostate cancer.

Objectives: The study aims to unravel the genetic intricacies underpinning this complex disease. By exploring the genetic associations, signaling pathways, and variations related to prostate cancer, including the crucial role of the androgen receptor (AR), the research seeks to unravel critical insights into the disease's development and progression.

Methods: The study authors systematically reviewed literature databases, including but not limited to PubMed, Research Gate, Google scholar, PMC free article to identify studies that addressed the genetic and epigenetic factors influencing cancer development, progression, and treatment.

Results: In delving into the genetic intricacies of prostate cancer, the study sheds light on key players, such as the androgen receptor (AR), emphasizing its pivotal role in disease progression. Genetic variations in AR, including amplification, mutations, and splice variants like AR-V7, emerge as critical factors influencing prostate cancer development and resistance to androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). Additionally, the review unravels the broader genetic landscape, encompassing alterations in genes like BRCA1, BRCA2, and HOXB13, and dysregulation of signaling pathways like PI3K/AKT/mTOR. Furthermore, the review examines the broader implications of these genetic findings, highlighting their significance in precision medicine, early detection, and the development of innovative therapies. As genetic aberrations take center stage in the understanding of cancer, the study emphasizes the need for continued research to refine treatment strategies and propel personalized approaches.

Conclusions: By synthesizing recent discoveries and emerging trends, the research serves as a valuable resource for researchers, clinicians, and students invested in unraveling the genetic tapestry of cancer, providing a platform for advancements in diagnosis, treatment, and the ongoing battle against this formidable adversary.